Use of @RISK for Probabilistic Decision Analysis of a Manufacturing Forecast in an Environment of High Uncertainty

Monday, March 8, 2010 by DMUU Training Team
This Thursday, 11 March 2010 at 11am ET, Dr. Jose A. Briones, SpyroTek Performance Solutions, will present a free live webcast entitled, Use of @RISK for Probabilistic Decision Analysis of a Manufacturing Forecast in an Environment of High Uncertainty

Profitability projections in a manufacturing environment are directly tied to how the sales forecast fits with the capability of the operation. When a company has a large portfolio of products with very different operational production rates, the manufacturing capacity of the plant will be significantly impacted by the product mix to be produced. This in turn will have a radical effect on the output of the plant and the allocation of the fixed cost of production. In this case we present an example where a company is trying to decide how best to balance the sales of certain families of products to maximize revenue, maintain a diverse product line, and properly price each individual product based on the impact to the manufacturing schedule and fixed cost allocation.

» Register now for this FREE live webcast
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How can the UK public services prepare for unpredictable, extreme weather?

Friday, March 5, 2010 by DMUU Training Team
The UK Met Office is not going to ‘live down’ its weather forecast of a ‘barbeque Summer and a mild Winter’ for 2009, anytime soon. There was ample rain through the Summer, the Cumbrian region saw severe flooding in November and now the nation is gripped by sub-zero temperatures not experienced for more than 30 years.

The inaccurate weather forecast is not a criticism of the Met Office. Forces of nature cannot be controlled, but these severe weather conditions do highlight the need for a more risk-led approach to public service planning. As we are seeing, the lack of planning to combat the current Arctic conditions engulfing the nation has thrown the country in turmoil, not to mention the substantial losses incurred by businesses. 

Global Warming is now often touted as the reason for such vagaries in weather, which according to environmentalists is set to intensify in the coming years. There is a very strong case for the government to undertake a scientific, risk-led approach to assess the potential effects of extreme weather, so that the required planning and realistic fund allocation can be made to deal with unforeseen weather situations. 

For instance, Halcrow Group Ltd, specialising in providing planning, design and management services for infrastructure development, works very closely with the UK Environment Agency on its Flood Defense programme. It conducts risk analysis on several of the Agency’s projects, using Palisade’s @RISK. Through flood risk management, the UK’s Environment Agency can reduce the probability of flooding from rivers and the sea through the management of land, river systems, and flood and coastal defenses. This also works to helps to reduce the damage floods can do through effective land use planning, flood warning and emergency responses.

There is now a dire need to extend this risk analysis-based approach beyond just flood defense, so that pre-emptive actions can be taken to reduce the adverse impact of extreme weather on the nation.

Craig Ferri
EMEA Managing Director of Risk & Decision Analysis

What Should You Get From a Simulation? Part 1

Thursday, February 25, 2010 by DMUU Training Team
I read an interesting article on the causes of the Global Financial Crisis by John B. Taylor. Although the topic is interesting enough already, especially for a member of a risk analysis-specialising company, something else caught my eye. I have observed in training workshops, onsite consulting and now academic papers a phenomenon regarding probabilistic modelling. Many of those using the methods don’t understand what they should actually be getting from the methodology. There is an intellectual leap from the deterministic to the probabilistic that sometimes does not get made. This limits the usefulness of Monte Carlo simulation, and the value of performing such statistical analyses.

Back to the article which spurred me to write this blog in the first place. Or rather, the graph. Yes a single graph of housing starts vs. time (and its brief description) leapt out at me. One of the lines on the graph was claimed to show model simulations of housing starts using the actual interest rate, compared to the interest rate ‘predicted’ by the Taylor Rule and a third line showing actual data.

So what’s the problem?

The problem is that simulation techniques should not be used to create a single value. The single ‘simulation’ line implies a single modelled/returned value for each time period. This is deterministic modelling. There may be a particular scenario that has been modelled, but it certainly isn’t a simulation that is being represented by that single line. Simulations produce thousands of data, observed values and their associated percentiles as well central moments (mean, variance etc.). Not just one value (sorry Value at Risk – that includes you too) that can be plotted as a single line. I would guess that if a simulation were run as I understand the term then the line in the chart was probably constructed using the simulated means. But I shouldn’t be guessing.

This is far from the only time I’ve seen simulation results reduced to a single entity. I have heard from clients in the past “the simulation gave $X” with little to no context around it, and this is supposed to both mean something to me and to their customers and help to make better decisions under uncertainty…

In the next blog I will explore this idea further and discuss the sorts of results that should be gleaned from a simulation. In particular, why narrowing simulation results down to a single number is counterproductive to healthy business practices.


Rishi Prabhakar
Trainer/Consultant

New business planning – measuring feasibility

Tuesday, February 23, 2010 by DMUU Training Team
The latest Business in Britain survey from Lloyds TSB Commercial shows that the UK's commercial enterprises are regaining confidence.  The six monthly report charts the performance of 1,732 UK companies and their views on prospects for the coming year. Its most recent business confidence shows that expectations for both sales and orders have started to recover. The balance of firms anticipating an upturn in sales has climbed to 21% - from just 1% six months ago.   And hopes for orders are also looking brighter. The balance expecting order levels to rise over the coming six months has climbed to 23%, from just 6% in the last survey.

But companies planning major new business drives for 2010 would do well to follow the example of Thales UK, which uses @RISK  to enable it to assess commercial feasibility of potential new business wins. @RISK's in-depth risk analysis ensures the leading provider of mission-critical electronic information systems for aerospace, defence and security markets around the world, is fully informed when making business-critical decisions.

Thales operates in a highly competitive environment, with technologically advanced countries presenting tough opposition when it tenders for contracts. It must continually develop highly sophisticated equipment that is robust and failsafe to meet the stringent demands of its customers. Bringing products of this calibre to market is costly in terms of time and resource, so for every competitive new business opportunity, Thales must be confident that it has a reasonable chance of success.

Using Monte Carlo analysis to show all potential scenarios and the likelihood that each will occur, @RISK enables Thales to calculate the competitiveness of complex markets, measure probabilities for project costs, quantify rate of return, and even account for the effects of cumulative business, thereby providing decision-makers with the most complete picture possible.  From this risk analysis, Thales can make an informed decision on the commercial viability of the potential new business offered.

Craig Ferri
EMEA Managing Director of Risk & Decision Analysis

Opportunity Costs of Risk Analysis

Friday, February 12, 2010 by Holly Bailey
Merck's Art Misyan, currently Director, Financial Evaluation and Analysis at the company and a longtime practitioner of risk analysis and decision evaluation, has offered some cogent comment in response to my blog about the calculating the opportunity costs of risk analysis in making decisions under uncertainty:
 
"In the Vail Daily News comment, they refer to the cost of being the second entrant.  The impact of losing your innovative advantage can be somewhat quantified in a sales forecast, for example: if our launch is delayed, or if we are no longer the first entrant, then there is an EPS impact of $X.
 
For day-to-day risk management activities, quantifying opportunity costs is more challenging.  Sometimes the best decision is the one you didn't make, and other times it costs you either in ongoing transaction costs, deal premiums, etc.  For example, transaction costs can rise if the markets become more illiquid over the course of a trading day (say you're trying to trade Far East currency, but now it's late in the day Eastern Standard Time).  Or, if you are executing a large-sized deal but don't place the order until late in the day - and the trade has to happen.  So, hypothetically, you could calculate the impact of transaction costs, based upon average deal size and bid/offer spread at a time of day.
 
As a finance representative on the deal team, you are trying to help management arrive at quick decisions with the best available information, while understanding the potential risks. You don't want to be the "speed bump" in the process (again, very difficult to quantify).  As part of the economic analyses, we summarize as many risks as possible, as well as a list of potential events that could impact our assessment.  After management has reached a decision, we will revisit the numbers if or when these events occur over the course of the due diligence process."

Words from the wise to the wise.

The State of Six Sigma and Process Improvement

Tuesday, February 2, 2010 by Steve Hunt
Two weeks ago, I attended IQPC’s (International Quality & Productivity Center) Lean Six Sigma and Process Improvement Summit in Orlando, Florida. During the past 4 years, I have watched the conference, the attendees, and their projects evolve. The IQPC did an excellent job keeping the quality of the conference at an A+ level despite wrangling with the effects of a down market and near zero travel budgets for many companies. This conference has earned it place as one of the premier Six Sigma events of the year.

With attendance numbers on par with last year (which are only slightly down from a few years ago), the major difference that I noticed was the attendees' passion. As the economy has worsened and media’s perception of Six Sigma waned, practitioners and champions are more passionate and committed now than ever. Perhaps it’s because they still have jobs and their companies understand the value of cost reduction in both their processes and product/ process development programs. They - and the companies who employ them - have every right to be excited and passionate because they are making positive changes to their organizations that will hopefully lead them to recovery and stability faster than others.
 

Many companies, large and small, represented practically every industry. Farmers Insurance and Capital One were two representatives from the insurance and banking industries. Technology and pharmaceuticals were well represented by Seagate, Motorola, Merck and Johnson & Johnson. In addition, the energy sector was well represented, as were the military, aerospace and services sectors. (If you want a complet list of companies attending, it may be available at www.sixsigmaiq.com)

The overriding message heard over and over again, was, “We need to make your Six Sigma deployments stick.” Initially, I found this to be an interesting message since it came from a group of many highly intelligent and motivated individuals who were obviously very successful in doing just that: “Making it Stick”. This message serves as a clarion call for all of us. We need to look for new tools, philosophies and approaches to make our improvement initiative better and “stickier” so that they can pass the test of time.

The highlight of every year is the awards ceremony. There were many great projects honored this year, and congratulations to the winners and everyone who submitted their projects! At the awards ceremony I had the pleasure to meet a great group from the Bahamas Telecommunications Company. They are the pioneers for Lean Six Sigma for their company. (I tried to get them to need an onsite training session in some of the Palisade tools, but have been thus far unsuccessful!) Good luck on your Six Sigma Journey, I hope to see you accepting an award next year!

Free Live Webcast this Thursday: Simulating the U.S. Economy: Where will we be in 100 years?

Monday, January 25, 2010 by DMUU Training Team
This Thursday, 28 January 2010 at 11am ET, Dr. William Strauss, President of FutureMetrics, will present a free live webcast entitled, "Simulating the U.S. Economy: Where will we be in 100 years?" Sign up now to attend the webcast.

There is an assumption that drives all of our expectations for how our economy will be in the future. That assumption is one of endless economic growth. Clearly endless exponential growth is impossible. Yet that is what we base all of our expectations upon. We all agree that zero or negative economic growth is bad (just look around now at the effects of the Great Recession). But we also know logically that 2% or 4% annual growth every year leads to an exponential growth outcome that is unsustainable. 

To see where this growth imperative will take us we first have to see how we go to where we are today. This free live webcast first models the 20th century. The model is both complex and simple. The basic schematic of the model’s relationships is easy to understand. Furthermore, the core of the model is a simple production function that combines capital, labor, and the useful work derived from energy to generate the output of the economy. Complexity is contained in the solutions to the internal workings of the model. What is unique is that there are no exogenous economic variables.  Once the equations’ parameters are calibrated, setting the key outputs to “one” in 1900 results in their time paths very closely predicting the U.S. GDP and its key components from 1900 to 2006. 

The experiment in this webcast is about the future. If the model can very closely replicate the last 100 years, what does it have to say about the next 100 years? From 1900 to 2006 there are periods in which there was parameter switching. (The optimal parameters and the years for the switching were found using a constrained optimization technique.) That suggests that in the future there will also be changes. The experiment uses @RISK’s features (risk analysis software using Monte Carlo techniques) to generate new combinations of parameters for each of tens of thousands of runs of the simulation. Changes in the parameters represent potential exogenous policy choices.

The “doing what you did gets you what you got” scenario leads to a surprising and unsettling outcome. The experiments using Evolver (genetic algorithm optimization using Monte Carlo simulation) do find a path that works. Obviously if it is not “business-as-usual” that leads to a stable outcome, it is some other way. The policy choices that lead to a stable outcome suggest that the future of capitalism is not going to be what we expect it to be.

----
William Strauss is the President and founder of FutureMetrics. He brings more than thirty years of strategic planning, project management, data analysis, and modeling experience into the company’s stock of knowledge capital. Bill’s professional history includes executive positions as director, president, and senior vice president, as well as positions as senior analyst and field coordinator. He has an MBA (specializing in Finance) and a PhD (Economics).

» Register now for this FREE live webcast
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Predicting Customer Will

Tuesday, January 12, 2010 by Holly Bailey
If hindsight is twenty-twenty, foresight--at least in the world of market research--still has a ways to go. Simulation, both with Monte Carlo software and with a conjoint simulation approach, has been used by market researchers for some time now.  Recently David G. Bakken,who maintains a blog on the Smart Data Collective site, pointed out that the drawback of these models is that even those that incorporate random number generation are static. That is, the inputs and the coefficients determine the model outcomes.  
 
What's wrong with deterministic models?  Nothing, I gather, except for the limitation that those that are applied to marketing research questions tend to treat the target customers, the companies devising product strategies, and their affiliates in advertising and PR as blocs that make decisions without benefit of individual will. 
 
Agent-based models, which were born in the social sciences, simulate the interactions of multiple players, each of whom will act, absolutely rationally, in his or her own best interests.  Bakken believes that agent-based modeling used in tandem with traditional risk analysis models or evolutionary programming methods such as genetic algorithms, offers a more dynamic means of accounting for the future behavior of potential customers.  
 
On the face of it, Bakken's proposal seems to have merit.  If the technique works for the social sciences, maybe it will work for marketing research.  After all, what is marketing if not a commercial application of social science?

Data Issues Part 1

Tuesday, January 12, 2010 by DMUU Training Team
In a recent public training workshop (for @RISK for Excel) I was reminded of an unusual fact regarding data.

Commonly @RISK for Excel is used to fit distributions to historical data for use in risk modelling, and it sure beats wildly guessing obscure parameters. However there are (naturally) a litany of woe-inducing problems with all historical data sets: non-stationary data series, extreme values/outliers, data recording errors, seasonality and heteroskedasticity to name a few. Excessive ‘cleansing’ of the data set is commonly prescribed, but the statistician in me cringes to even type those words! Quality control and transforming the data will help to eliminate most of those problems, but what about outliers?

In the early Naughties I was working for a large Australian bank, forecasting their daily call centre volumes for the purpose of planning staff levels and predicting service levels. A particular call centre averaged 30,000 calls per weekday. Yet on September 12th, 2001, calls dropped to less than 10,000. Along with the rest of the world, Australians were watching the terrorist attacks on television and the internet rather than calling to fix spelling mistakes in their contact details or transfer small sums of money between accounts. But what to do with that data point? Presuming the forecasting model is not intended to include such extreme events as terrorist attacks then the point could simply be filtered out of the data set and not thought of again.

But now consider a process that should include rarer events, such as flood damage or operational risk, as one of the risks in a model. If you have 10 years of good data (say), but the set includes an event that should only occur every 100 years. This level of impact is thus drastically overrepresented in the data and any fitted distribution will be biased toward such extremes. Yet the data point can not be completely ignored as such values can occur and the simulation models must have the capacity to sample such values (though with a reasonable likelihood). In this case the artistry that is fitting distributions to data comes to the fore. The data point could be removed from the set but not from our decision making process.

From the range of distributions that can be selected, the optimal choice should not only represent the remaining data well but also have a tail that samples events in the vicinity of those that have been excluded from the analysis with reasonable probability. No, that’s not always easy to do. But as with many elements of probabilistic modelling it simply must be done in order to provide useful information to decision makers.

Thus the context of the modelling can go a long way to determine the most appropriate steps to take with your data set. If that sounds like a subjective guideline then you read it correctly. Not enough people realise just how important experience and intuition can be in the seemingly prescriptive fields of mathematics and statistics. Fitting distributions to data is no different.

And yet that isn’t the unusual fact I was reminded of in the workshop! But I’ll leave that for Part 2 of my Data Issues blog.

Rishi Prabhakar
Trainer/Consultant

Adopting a healthy approach to risk

Tuesday, December 29, 2009 by DMUU Training Team
Having talked in previous posts as to why it’s important, and today how accessible it is for any size of organisation to adopt a healthy approach to risk, I’ll now take you through my top ten tips on how you can maximize your risk management programme:

1. Get buy-in
Risk management is not an optional extra. It is a business critical tool that is an asset and an integral part of the project. The company culture must be developed to embrace QRM (quantitative risk management) and DMU (decision making under uncertainty) in order that everyone understands their benefits and therefore accepts the need for them.

2. Get budget
Business tools cost money, but managing risk is an investment - not an overhead – and must be regarded as such. Allocating resource and making it a formal business process should be seen as an insurance policy.  Not only will it help organisations make better decisions that will save them money in the long term but, by identifying potential risks and adverse events, it can protect them against unexpected costs in the future.

3. Get words
As with any organisational change, it is essential that everyone is clear on the new processes. Therefore a common risk language – or 'glossary' – needs to be developed to avoid misunderstanding and to ensure a consistent approach to QRM and DMU.

4. Get numbers
Qualitative assessment is essential, but numbers are more powerful – for example the percentage chance of meeting a deadline or budget. Monte Carlo simulation random sampling provides the margin of error for a venture and is a good way to illustrate the consequences of different courses of action. Risk management experts must ensure everyone understands these figures, and accepts them.

5. Get structure
Managing risk in order to make better-informed decisions requires an appropriate organisational structure. Individuals and groups need clearly defined roles, and must then each take responsibility for their own area of expertise.

6. Get lateral
Every organisation has risks that it deals with on a daily basis and which must therefore be factored in to the decision-making model. However, no enterprise operates in isolation, so other external variables must be included. For example, even a small rise in fuel costs could have a major effect on revenues if raw materials need transporting long distances.

7. Get perspective
Political, cultural and social risk factors can be explored by involving all stakeholders.  Investing time and money in consultation and research ensures that businesses have a clear idea of the complete environment in which they operate, and therefore minimise the chances of products and services failing.

8. Get reporting
Risks, and the management of them, must be reviewed regularly – and the programme amended if necessary. This requires a regular reporting process, in which risks are clearly identified and prioritised.

9. Get with it
Being risk aware does not mean being risk averse. Businesses should guard against rigidly adhering to 'the way we've always done it' approach, instead keeping up-to-date, learning new tricks and not being afraid to be bold.  Although risky on the surface, these tactics prevent being left behind – much of the potentially uncertainty can also be removed with QRM and DMU.

And finally…

10. Get it documented
Back up the commitment to a thorough QRM and DMU programme with documentation. This validates the budget and buy-in requested at the start. And it’s good for business – organisations this thorough are guaranteed a competitive edge.

Craig Ferri
EMEA Managing Director of Risk & Decision Analysis

Making Risk & Decision analysis accessible to all

Friday, December 18, 2009 by DMUU Training Team
It’s clear that the financial crisis has exposed a number of failings in the practice of risk management. In my last post I talked about the relevance risk analysis and the disciplines of ‘quantitative risk management’ (QRM) and ‘decision making under uncertainty’ (DMU) are to all sizes of organisations, be it large or small. 

However, how accessible are these disciplines to the average size business across the globe today?

With the need to make more informed decisions more pressing by the day, thankfully QRM and DMU and now far more accessible than ever before.  Traditionally systems tended to be expensive, enterprise-based applications targeted at large companies who were prepared to spend considerable time, money and human resources.  The result was an all-singing, all-dancing product which often ended up underused due to confusion on the part of the very employees who were supposed to make it work.

Steady increases in computer processing have given the desktops of today as much power as the high-end servers of a few years ago, meaning that risk analysis and management is now an achievable goal for businesses of all sizes.  Palisades @RISK and Decision Tools Suite software are such desktop risk and decision analysis tools – working within Microsoft Excel and therefore being accessible to a large number of users.

‘Monte Carlo Simulation’, a technique originally conceived by scientists working to develop the atomic bomb as part of the Manhattan Project, is an inherent part of @RISK, a cornerstone of the Suite.  It enables users to introduce uncertainty into their previously static spreadsheets, which lets them look at things in a probabilistic, rather than a deterministic way.  In layman’s terms, this means that rather than companies and individuals making decisions based on estimates or best guesses, they can see all the potential outcomes to a venture – and how likely these scenarios are to occur.

For many companies this significantly improves the decision-making process.  Firstly it requires a change in the methodology of employees responsible for assessing risks and opportunities and secondly for the first time employees have a tool which allows them to communicate their recommendations to management or colleagues in a transparent and standardised way.  Equally, being able to look at scheduling risk in a probabilistic and quantitative sense allows for the allocation of labour and resources in a way which minimises slack and wastage whilst maximizing ROI.

So, it would seem that the new ‘risk management’ language that is starting to develop in the workplace and being taught to a new generation of managers on MBA courses should be welcomed.  With the accessibility of the technology available to assist them, we need to make sure that organisations do more than just pay lip service to QRM and DMU if they are to reap the rewards.

In my next blog I’ll be giving you the my top ten tips to adopting a health approach to risk, that will help businesses of all sizes maximize their risk management programmes.

Craig Ferri
EMEA Managing Director of Risk & Decision Analysis

Risk & Decision analysis – it’s not a dark art

Wednesday, December 16, 2009 by DMUU Training Team
The recent turbulence in the global economy has projected the word ‘risk’ into many everyday conversations, both commercial and personal: the unacceptable risks taken by fund managers which led to the collapse of major financial institutions; companies risking bankruptcy as a result of recession; the risk of people losing their jobs – and potentially their homes; and so on. 

As a result there is also increased talk of risk analysis, which in turn has brought disciplines known as ‘quantitative risk management’ (QRM) and ‘decision making under uncertainty’ (DMU) firmly into the business zeitgeist.  But for many small to mid-size companies, QRM and DMU are still regarded as something of a dark art and one that is not relevant to their day-to-day activities.

The truth is, that in boom or recession businesses make decisions every day – each with an associated level of risk.  Much of this decision making is undertaken by looking into the issues facing a business, putting some numbers on them to calculate their impact, and then mitigating or allowing sufficiency contingency in the event that things go wrong.

Examining business decision-making in detail shows us that most businesses could benefit from making the link to risk analysis, and from there taking a more strategic approach to the discipline. Cost estimation, budgeting, cash flow forecasting, operational risk assessments, sales forecasting – in fact any part of a business where there is uncertainty can all be made more robust and meaningful.

Recession has brought the idea of QRM to the forefront of business owners’ minds.  Essentially it is a valuable aide to making better, more informed decisions where the amount of uncertainty on which they are based is known. 

Risk analysis is no longer a dark art, but in today’s economic climate, is an essential part of the business decision-making process, no matter what size the organisation.

In my next blog we’ll look what technology is available today that will help businesses making better decisions now and in the future.

Craig Ferri
EMEA Managing Director of Risk & Decision Analysis

Monte Carlo, Where Speed Counts

Saturday, December 5, 2009 by Holly Bailey
Apparently the real test of computer chip performance, that is, speed, is spreadsheet simulation. PC Magazine blogger Michael Miller recently published a comparison of four new computer chips, two form Intel and two from Advanced Micro Devices.  Interestingly, Miller was not comparing the two similar notebook computers running these chips, just the chips themselves.  
 
Miller put the chips through a number of tests and noted certain ups and downs in performance. By the clock the chips ran at the same speed, but speed varied according to the kind of application (Miller doesn't actually name the spreadsheet software, but it seems a safe guess that he's using Excel).  For Miller, what really sorted the good from the best, the merely speedy from the truly fast was running Monte Carlo software, especially running big models based in huge data sets--the kind of simulations that typically come up in energy distribution and reserve estimation and operations management in oil exploration and production.
 
So which chips win the Monte Carlo Excel Grand Prix?  
 
I'll defer to Mr. Miller, whose blog is loaded with interesting details.   

25 Worst Tech Products

Monday, November 30, 2009 by Steve Hunt
A friend and colleague who knows I write a Six Sigma blog sent me a link to an older article on PC World, The 25 Worst Tech Products of All Time that he thought might applicable to Six Sigma.

As first blush, I thought, “What an article on PCWorld.com on the Worst Tech products would have anything to do with Six Sigma?”  The answer . . . everything! Particularly after reading the piece, the number 1 or worst product of all time (in their eyes) is American Online. I agree AOL has had its difficulties, but one has to admit the service has had staying power despite this. It’s been around for 20 years, which is a lifetime in the computer world. I don’t know if they utilized Voice of the Customer (VOC) , but they did something right since they are still around.  

The article mentions AOL had shown improvements over the previous years. This goes to show us, they had a good idea, but took many years to sort out the bugs and for them to position themselves correctly.  At the time of initial development they probably didn’t utilize Design for Six Sigma or another Critical Parameter development methodology, but it appears they may have implemented Lean Six Sigma principles to improve their “inexcusably poor customer service,” “inaccessible dial-up numbers,” and what I’ll call “flawed billing practices.” Please know I am not necessarily agreeing with the article, or being an advocate for AOL, I’m simply pointing out how the company has appeared to have improved its product and service over time.

One can only hope and assume that companies are doing a better job up front vetting their ideas, products and designs . . . with sound initiatives such as Design for Six Sigma.  If not, hopefully we won’t seem the on PC World’s next “worst of” list.


If you would like to learn more about Design for Six Sigma, May I recommend either of these two free webinars:
  1. Accelerating Product Design with Simulation and Stochastic Optimization by Andy Sleeper of Successful Statistics
  2. DFSS-based Design Optimization using Design of Experiments and @RISK by Jeff Slutsky Global Director of DFSS for Bausch & Lomb.
     

Wayne Winston’s Math and Sports blog debuts on HuffPost

Thursday, November 12, 2009 by DMUU Training Team
Wayne Winston is the newest blogging personality at the Huffington Post! His first post, “The Importance of Schedule Strength in Sports,” appeared yesterday. Wayne will focus on the interface between math and sports, with detailed explanations of statistical analysis and spreadsheet modeling, including @RISK risk analysis models. You can find a link to the Wayne Winston blog from the newly-launched HuffPost Sports.

Wayne is the John and Esther Reese Professor of Decision Sciences at Indiana University’s nationally ranked Kelly School of Business. He has won over 30 teaching awards, and written over 20 journal articles and 15 books.  Wayne has consulted for many organizations including the Dallas Mavericks, USA Diving, Cisco, Microsoft, US Army, Eli Lilly, Diamond Consulting, Tellabs and Medtronics. He has also developed online spreadsheet modeling and mathematics courses for Harvard Business School Publishing. And, Wayne is a two time Jeopardy! champion!

Wayne’s latest book, Mathletics, provides an introduction to the use of math by baseball, football, and basketball teams. He has also authored several books published by Palisade, including Financial Models Using Simulation and Optimization I, Financial Models Using Simulation and Optimization II: Investment Valuation, Options Pricing, Real Options & Product Pricing Models, and Decision Making Under Uncertainty with RISKOptimizer.


DMUU Training Team

Monte Carlo Meets Monte Carlo

Thursday, November 12, 2009 by Holly Bailey
Monte Carlo is known not only for its casinos and the games of chance that are the namesake of the risk analysis method but also, just as famously, for motor sport. Now, although this has been very little publicized, it appears that Monte Carlo meets Monte Carlo, on a regular basis.
 
A couple of weeks ago, a news item from the United Arab Emirates tipped me off to the fact that Formula 1 racing teams include--in addition to drivers and pit crews--a panel of race strategists. It is the strategists' job to try to plan advantageous responses to any eventuality in a race--rain, wrecks, repairs. Even with the help of computers, forecasting all possible scenarios for a single race is a full-time job, and the F1 strategy teams rely heavily on their Monte Carlo software.  
 
Risk analysis began contributing to F1 strategy as far back as the 1990s and was credited for the McLaren team's 2005 victory in the Monaco grand prix. It is now standard operating procedure. Strategy teams not only pre-play every corner, every curve of a race circuit, but even after the start has sent the cars into high speed, the strategists are responding minute by minute to action on the circuit by running new risk assessments and statistical analyses of emerging scenarios and sending their advice for the drivers via high-speed data links. 
 
Although the race strategist squads haven't received much press, their presence makes perfect sense. After all, who does more and faster decision making under uncertainty than a race driver? And what about the engineers who fine-tune features like aerodynamics and brake design in preparation for a particular race course? And the pit crews on race day? Their function is life or death operations management. 
 
It's a deadly game of chance, the perfect venue for Monte Carlo to meet Monte Carlo. 

Wine Aficionado? Six Sigma expert? or both?

Tuesday, October 27, 2009 by Steve Hunt


I’ve heard of Six Sigma being used in every industry from manufacturing, banking, even baking, but now  . . . wine making?

Just the other night I found out a winery is using Six Sigma principles to ensure they are producing the highest quality wine available.
 
Yes, that’s right . . .  Six Sigma Ranch and Vineyards have combined the old-world art of wine making with the science of data driven Six Sigma principles.  Why not! Isn’t the origin of Design of Experiments from the agricultural world? That’s where (is that right?) RA Fisher introduced the concepts of replication, randomization, blocking and devise analysis of Variance to separate the sources of variation in the 1920s.

How many times have we read the reviews from a single winery, how some years are better than others, etc., and wondered why they can’t make the quality more consistent? Why not apply Six Sigma to wine making?

I think it makes perfect sense!

Six Sigma Ranch and Vineyards is applying Six Sigma principles in all stages of the process:

  • Conduct extensive analyses of soil, water and climate to find the most favorable sites for our vineyards.
  • Choose rootstocks that thrive best in the soil composition of a given vineyard.
  • Meticulously prune vines to enhance the quality of grapes and to allow consistent ripening.
  • Apply chemical and sensory analyses to pick the grapes at just the right time to produce optimal flavor in the wine.
  • Listen to the voice of the customer - whether you are a sophisticated wine drinker with well-defined preferences, a social wine drinker who knows what you like and wants the security of consistency, or you just want a good place to start
The use of Six Sigma in all business process makes good sense. There is talk that Six Sigma is dead, and that people are waiting for the next big thing. The truth of the matter is no matter how you repackage the tools, these tools will be around for decades, because good decisions are based on data analysis and that should never go away.  My only hope is that they are using @RISK  to analyze their data to make even better decisions.

The next time I am in California or the local wine store, I’ll have to investigate this further.

Neural Network Zeros in on Quarks

Monday, October 19, 2009 by Holly Bailey
Having successfully dodged high school physics I would not normally be sucked in by an article on quarks, but this one involved neural network computing, which I do understand pretty well.
 
It seems that  a couple of weeks ago physicists at Fermilab, near Chicago, made the most precise measurement yet of a top quark.  A quark is an elementary particle, the most fundamental building block of matter.  Quarks come in six flavors (I'm not making this up!), four of which can be produced only by high-energy collisions.  Think updated cyclotron.  The top quark is one of these four, and first observed in 1995, it is the most recently discovered quark.  The physicists--unsatisfied, of course, with having simply identified the particle--wanted to measure it.
 
It turns out that the way to measure a quark is to observe its decay and work backward from non-quark to quark.  This involves heavy-duty statistical analysis of many,  many observations. The scientists at Fermilab collected a large set of sample data on quark decay, and then in order to zero in on bona fide quarks, they trained a neural network to identify which particle events were not related to top quark decay.  When the neural net had sorted out the quark imitators, the physicists could size up the real quarks more accurately.
 
The top quark is relatively large for an elementary particle.  Until last month it was believed to be about the size of an atom of gold.  What is the current estimate? Too daunting a calculation to quote.  But if you go to the information the Fermilab has on display, you--or some of you, anyway--will begin to get the picture. 

Targeted Analyses and Compelling Communication: A Formula for Successful Value Creation in Management Science

Monday, October 19, 2009 by DMUU Training Team
Michael A. Kubica is Founder and President of Applied Quantitative Sciences, Inc. He has over 18 years' experience within the healthcare industry, and has been providing quantitative sciences consultancy since 1999. Michael has extensive experience in providing quantitative decision support solutions for leading pharmaceutical, medical device/diagnostics, and biotechnology companies, addressing a wide range of business issues. Prior to establishing AQS, Michael held the position of Vice President, Operations for Magellan Health Services. During his career Michael has also held positions of Director of Quality Management, Regional Director of Business Operations & Finance, and Hospital Administrator. Throughout his career, Michael employed sophisticated quantitative methods to forecast performance, streamline operations, and improve quality. Michael has an MBA and Master’s of Science in psychology. He serves as Adjunct Professor of Research Design and Statistical Analysis at St. Thomas University in Miami, FL. Applied Quantitative Sciences, Inc. (AQS) is a consultancy specializing in assisting medical device, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies make decisions under conditions of complexity and uncertainty. They are a market leader in providing simulation and optimization models which are used by industry leaders for the purposes of forecasting, new technology valuation, business and strategic planning, supply chain management, and resource planning.

Mr. Kubica will present a case study later this week at the 2009 Palisade Conference: Risk Analysis, Applications, & Training, 21 - 22 October at the Hyatt Regency in Jersey City (10 minutes by PATH from Manhattan's Financial District).

See the abstract for his case study below, and see the full schedule for the Conference here.

Targeted Analyses and Compelling Communication: A Formula for Successful Value Creation in Management Science

The value of quantitative science projects too often remains unrealized for would-be consumers. Despite flawless analyses, sophisticated reports and dazzling presentations, the message goes unheeded by those who could most benefit: If only they understood how to operationalize the results. The clarity with which quantitative scientists view the practical application of results is often paralleled only by their inability to generate that same clarity in their customers. The result is that good management science is at best ignored and worst, misunderstood (and misapplied). This workshop describes steps we as quantitative scientists can take to foster understanding, generate novel insights and stimulate actionable results with our clients. 

This Week: October 21-22 in NYC

Building on the success of last year’s record-breaking event, the conference will offer a wide range of software training, model building, and real-world case study sessions. Last year, the event drew over 150 practitioners and decision-makers from a broad spectrum of industries. The @RISK and DecisionTools software tracks were more popular than ever. This year, we’re expanding software training with sessions that let you walk through examples and try the tools directly. This will enable you to take some new tips back to the office. Please join us in October for a great opportunity to learn and connect with colleagues.